Therefore, stem cell therapy may be an effective treatment for SNHL. However, even if the patient receives effective treatment in the acute phase, his hearing cannot be perfectly restored to the level before the illness ( Stachler et al., 2012). Some experts believe that the best time for initiating treatment should be within 48 h following the first aural symptoms ( Ojha et al., 2020). For patients who have not received effective treatment for more than 72 h after the onset of symptoms, the probability of hearing improvement will be greatly reduced. The efficacy of treatment for patients in the acute phase is about 50%–70% ( Tucci et al., 2002 Jeyakumar et al., 2006 Stachler et al., 2012). In addition, local hormone injections, hyperbaric oxygen chamber rehabilitation, hearing aids, cochlear implantation, etc., can also be used in treatment ( Chandrasekhar et al., 2019). At present, the treatment of SNHL mainly involves injections or oral drugs. The damage site for conductive hearing loss is mainly in the outer ear and middle ear, while the damage site for SNHL is mainly in the inner ear and auditory nerve ( Weissman, 1996). Hearing loss can be classified as conductive hearing loss or SNHL according to the site of damage. Hearing disabilities have become one of the most common sensory disabilities in the world, but there is still no effective treatment for deafness ( Wilson et al., 2017). With the development of related research, stem cell therapy will play a greater role in the treatment of diseases related to the inner ear. At present, stem cell therapy still has limitations, but the role of this technology in the treatment of hearing diseases has been widely recognized. This article describes the methods for inducing the differentiation of endogenous and exogenous stem cells, the implantation operation and regulation of exogenous stem cells after implanted into the inner ear, and it elaborates the relevant signal pathways of stem cells in the inner ear, as well as the clinical application of various new materials. A number of studies have proved that the transplantation of neural stem cells in multiple organs has an important therapeutic effect on activation and regeneration of cells, and restore damaged neurons. In recent years, neural stem cell transplantation has received widespread attention as a new treatment method for supplementing specific cells damaged by disease, such as neurodegenerative diseases. 7Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.6Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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